Macroporous Cryogels for Water Purification

Cryogels are polymeric matrices with 3D architecture fabricated by cryotropic gelation at subzero temperatures via co-polymerization of monomers or crosslinking of linear polymers. The main characteristic feature of these materials that distinguishes them from other gels is their continuous and highly porous structure resulting from cryopolymerization that occurs in a two-phase environment. Highly porous polymeric cryogels can be produced in various shapes and sizes. There are many application areas of cryogels due to their individual properties. The applications of supermacroporous cryogels in the biomedical and biotechnological fields have been well reported in the literature. However, studies on the use of these unique gels in wastewater treatment as a solid adsorbent have started to attract attention in the last few years. The cryogels are suitable adsorbents for the removal of non-degradable organic and synthetic toxic compounds in wastewater. In addition, these cryogel matrices have superior properties including high surface area, high porosity, spongy structure, and physical stability during swelling conditions compared to other gel materials available. This chapter highlights the details of cryotropic gelation, process parameters effective on characteristics of cryogels and utilization areas of these materials specifically in water purification applications.