Phlebotominae distribution in Janaúba, an area of transmission forvisceral leishmaniasis in Brazil
2009
In Brazil, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is caused by Leishmania chagasi parasites that are transmitted to man through the bites of infected
females of Lutzomyia longipalpis sand flies. In order to evaluate
transmission risk and to clarify the epidemiology of this tropical
disease, studies focused on the vector and favorable environmental
conditions are of fundamental importance. In this work, we surveyed the
phlebotomine sand fly fauna in Janauba, a Brazilian municipality
that is endemic for VL. During a two-year period, entomological
captures were performed monthly in 15 districts with high, moderate and
low profiles of VL transmission. A total of 14,591 phlebotomine sand
flies were captured (92% L. longipalpis), with a predominance of males.
Most specimens were captured in the peri-domicile setting, although the
number of specimens captured in the intra-domicile setting emphasises
the anthropophilic behaviour of this insect. The population density of
L. longipalpis was modulated by climate variations, particularly with
clear increases immediately after the rainy season. However, the
pattern of distribution did not coincide with the occurrence of human
or canine cases of VL. This suggests that the eco-epidemiology of VL is
particular to each area of transmission and must be taken into account
during the design of public health control actions.
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