Comparison of Digital Twin Development in Manufacturing and Maritime Domains

The concept of the digital twin is developing as a key enabler for the Industry 4.0 vision. The digital twin – a virtual representation of a real-world entity to facilitate integration with digital systems – has sparked research and application in different domains. A cross-domain comparison is presented through the review of the development of digital twins in the manufacturing and maritime domains. The comparison focuses on the needs for digital twins, conceptual and implementation frameworks, platforms, and real-world implementations in these two domains.