Identification of nineteenth century blue and green pigments by in situ x‐ray fluorescence and micro‐Raman spectroscopy

A mural painting by the innovative Italian miniaturist Napoleone Verga (1833–1918) was studied by a model protocol that combines an in situ non-destructive technique with laboratory micro-destructive vibrational investigations. The experimental procedure allowed us to acquire detailed information not only on Verga's palette and painting technique but also on undocumented retouches, using a very restricted number of samples. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.