Ceramic Enamels as New Back Contacts for Cu (In, Ga) Se2‐Based Photovoltaic Tile

In this work, we investigated the properties of silver and gold enamels as potential back contacts for Cu (In, Ga) Se2 (CIGS) solar cells. The enamels were deposited on ceramic tiles by nonvacuum printing techniques. Thus, we are proposing a development of integrated photovoltaic tile for the first time. We also explained the CIGS synthesis procedure using coprecipitation of selenite precursors. To deposit the precursor powders on the substrate, a doctor blade method is applied. The interface morphology between ceramic tile, back contact, and CIGS absorber was studied as a critical factor for the final solar cell performance. The thermal treatment effect on the back contact properties was also reported. Excellent compatibility between CIGS and gold layer was observed, keeping thickness and chemical composition adequate for photovoltaic applications. The band gap energy confirms assembly effectiveness. Unsatisfied results of silver diffusion toward CIGS absorber were obtained when silver enamels were used.