Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Executive Dysfunction

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder associated with increased risk for negative social, emotional, and academic outcomes as well as executive functioning vulnerabilities. The purpose of this chapter is to review current research regarding the diagnosis and assessment of ADHD, including review of important neuropsychological correlates and assessment tools that are frequently used, some of which can play a prominent role in diagnostic decision-making and case management. De-identified case examples highlighting neuropsychological test results and potentially helpful treatment recommendations are presented to highlight the practical application of assessment results. The influence of executive functions on children with ADHD and the impact of these difficulties on learning and development are also discussed. The chapter concludes with a review of the best practices for supporting children with ADHD.