Initial investigation of the homogeneous nucleation of cesium vapor

Initial measurements of the homogeneous nucleation of supersaturated cesium vapors using an upward thermal diffusion cloud chamber specially designed for use with highly reactive materials are presented. Comparison of the supersaturations measured at higher temperatures (greater than 455 K) with the supersaturations predicted by Classical nucleation theory show for the first time that the nucleation behavior of simple normal metals can be described by Classical theory. This agreement implies that the description of relatively large clusters of simple metal atoms (more than 25 atoms) as small liquid droplets with bulk metallic properties is valid. However, as the temperature decreases below 455 K, an increasingly larger supersaturation than that predicted by theory is required. This deviation from theory is so sharp that by 430 K the difference is an order of magnitude, and below 420 K nucleation cannot be observed. The deviation is discussed in the context of loss of bulk metallic properties with decreasi...