Characteristics intracranial epidermoid cyst between two hospital from developed vs developing institution and literature review

Abstract Introduction Intracranial epidermoid tumors are slow-growing lesions, which may recur after incomplete resection (surgery), but may do so over many years. These slow growing benign tumors encase and surround nerves and arteries rather than displacing them and the treatment of choice is radical surgery. Therefore the clinical symptoms are varies. The incidence of intracranial epidermoids is between 0.3% and 1.8% of all brain tumors. Whether the characteristics of tumor are related with culture of clinical neurologic in different developed and developing institution has not been discussed yet. Methods Between 2015 until 2017, we collected data from two institutions, Keio University hospital Tokyo Japan and Hasan Sadikin Hospital Padjadjaran University Bandung Indonesia. We collect 16 patients from Keio University hospital (KUH) and 10 patients from Hasan Sadikin hospital (HSH). Results In which the 11 cases is located in infratentorial and 5 cases were in supratentorial region at KUH. Meanwhile in HSH, we found that 10 patients were in infratentorial. The characteristic of cranial nerve palsy and/or neurological deficits are mainly similar in infratentorial region whether from KUH or HSH, including supratentorial epidermoid are also similar. At KUH, the location of epidermoid is located in the CPA (cerebellopontine angle) in 8 patients, 3 in suprasellar region, 1 in Meckel's cave, 1 in 4th ventricle, 1 in medulla, 1 in petroclival and 1 in occipital lobe. In HSH, the lesions are located in infratentorial in which 5 patient in CPA, 4 in petroclival region and 1 case in Meckel's cave. In infratentorial lesion the CNs (cranial nerves) palsy were found in CN IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, and none in IX, X, XI, XII. In supratentorial lesion the chief complaint was mainly headache. Conclusion The epidermoid of the brain are mostly located in the infratentorial region rather than in supratentorial. The CNs deficit are commonly arose in infratentorial lesion meanwhile the supratentorial region symptom is headache. It is reasonable if the patient came with infratentorial multiple CNs palsy to be suspicious for epidermoid benign tumor in the intracranial. Those characteristics are found in both developed and developing hospitals.