The development and implementation of a newborn medicine program in a resource-limited setting.

The reduction in global neonatal mortality rates remains a challenge. Internationally recognized protocols for hospital care of sick and small newborns are limited, although this specialized area lends itself to standardization. An interdisciplinary team including international and local clinical experts worked with the Rwandan Ministry of Health and Rwandan professional associations to develop and implement a neonatal care program in a rural Rwandan district hospital that was ultimately accepted as the national standard for newborn medicine. Successful features and challenges are discussed. It is realistic to develop, implement and disseminate neonatal protocols for sick newborns.