The renaissance in redox flow batteries

Although redox flow batteries were invented as early as 1954, no system development took place until NASA demonstrated an Fe/Cr redox flow battery system in 1970s. In hibernation for several years, redox flow battery systems have begun to catch the attention of policy makers globally. The resurrection of redox flow batteries rests heavily on their techno-economic feasibility as large-scale energy storage systems for emerging grid network that are being developed by climate change mitigation industries, namely, wind and solar. This article reviews various redox flow battery technologies with a cost and market prognosis.