Leishmaniose Tegumentar no Estado do Mato Grosso: Características Sociodemográficas e de Saúde Associados com Reações Adversas Laboratoriais e Eletrocardiográficas

Este estudo identificou caracteristicas da populacao associadas com reacoes adversas laboratoriais e eletrocardiograficas em pacientes durante o tratamento de leishmaniose tegumentar. Os efeitos adversos foram monitorados em prontuario medico de pacientes em Hospital Universitario no Brasil. Os resultados mostraram que dos 470 prontuarios analisados, 367 (78,09%) eram homens, 249 (52,98%) dos pacientes tinham educacao fundamental incompleta e 438 (93,19%) se identificaram como pardos. O efeito adverso mais frequente foi a alteracao no eletrocardiograma (85,48%). As variaveis mais prevalentes associadas com os efeitos adversos foram idade acima de 60 anos (RP = 9,79/IC95% = 5,86 – 16,34), leishmaniose mucosa (RP = 2,45/IC95% = 1,55 – 3,86), doencas pre-existentes (RP = 5,44/IC95% = 3,52 – 8,40), uso de anfotericina B (RP = 18,31/IC95% = 9,26 – 36,21) e pentamidina (RP = 25,51/IC95% = 15,08 – 43,14) como tratamento de primeira escolha. Entre os individuos com doencas pre-existentes, 74,03% (n=57) foram hipertensos e 24,59% (n=14) dos pacientes com hipertensao tinham algum tipo de efeito adverso. O conhecimento do perfil da populacao com leishmaniose tegumentar e importante para o desenvolvimento de novas estrategias para prevencao e reducao das reacoes adversas, levando a um tratamento mais efetivo e rapido.   Palavras-chave: Efeitos Adversos. Anfotericina B. Pentamidina. Antimonial Pentavalente.   Abstract This study identified population characteristics associated with laboratory and electrocardiographic adverse reactions in patients during the treatment of tegumentary leishmaniasis. Side effects were monitored in patients’ medical record in the University Hospital, Brazil. The results show that of the 470 records analyzed, 367 (78.09%) were from males, 249 (52.98%) of the patients had incomplete elementary education and 438 (93.19%) identified themselves as brown skinned. The most frequent was alterations in the electrocardiogram (85.48%). The most prevalent variables associated with adverse effects were age above 60 years old (PR = 9.79/CI95% = 5.86 – 16.34), mucosal leishmaniasis (PR = 2.45/CI95% = 1.55 – 3.86), pre-existing diseases (PR = 5.44/CI95% = 3.52 – 8.40), use of amphotericin B (PR = 18.31/CI95% = 9.26 – 36.21) and pentamidine (PR = 25.51/CI95% = 15.08 – 43.14) as first treatment choice. Among individuals with pre-existing disease, 74.03% (n=57) are hypertensive and 24.59% (n=14) of patients with hypertension had some type of adverse effect. In conclusion, although the treatments have achieved high rate of cure, this study identified socio-demographic and health characteristics associated with adverse effects in patients leishmaniasis treatment. Knowledge of the population profile with tegumentary leishmaniasis is important for the development of new strategies for prevention and reduction of adverse reactions.   Keywords: Adverse Effects. Amphotericin B. Pentamidine. Pentavalent Antimonial.