Garcinia andamanica King (Clusiaceae): an important horticultural genetic resource from Indian islands

Garcinia andamanica King is a tropical fruit bearing species used for a variety of purposes by aboriginal tribes and settler communities of Andaman Islands, India. To explore its potential and promote the cultivation, systematic efforts were initiated so that this genetic resource is sustainably utilized. Studies revealed that in natural habitat, the species grows on soils with pH of 6.1–6.9 and poor to moderate nutrient status. Variations were noticed in morphology, flowering and fruiting characters of the species collected from different islands. Physicochemical analysis suggested acidic nature of the fruit making it suitable for use as acidulant. Fruits were source of carotenoids (0.52–9.47 mg/100 g), phenols (8.35 mg GAE/100 g) and exhibited DPPH scavenging activity (91.33–92.95%). Rind of fruits was dehydrated and it was found to be a potential processed product for improving livelihood and nutritional security. Proximate composition of the dried rind was also determined. Fatty acid analysis of seeds using GC/MS revealed presence of eight compounds. Seeds were rich in unsaturated fatty acids with oleic acid (44.351%) as major constituent and hence, seeds could be used as source of edible oil. Potential threats, regeneration, conservation efforts and activities for promotion of its cultivation have also been discussed. Present is the pioneering attempt in this species on these aspects.