Loss of basal feet on Odf2 deletion perturbs polarization of basal bodies

Synergic multiciliary beating relies on cilia generated from basal bodies, with which basal feet are regularly associated through molecular mechanisms that remain unknown. Here we show that the coordinated multiciliary action is disturbed in Odf2 mutant mice, resulting in primary ciliary dyskinesia and a characteristic coughing/ sneezing-like phenotype. Odf2-deficiency depleted basal feet from basal bodies to perturb the planar cell polarity (PCP) of basal bodies, as shown by ultra-high voltage electron microscopic tomography (UHVEMT) of wild and Odf2 mutant tracheas. The apical microtubular lattice, which is organized by the keystone positioning of basal feet/basal bodies, was lost in Odf2-mutant animals, irrespective of normal localization of Vangl1, the PCP core protein. These findings demonstrate that Odf2 is required for the formation of basal feet. Odf2-based basal feet play a critical role in the PCP-based arrangement of the microtubular lattice and basal bodies, thereby enabling coordinated multiciliary beating.