Determination of tetrahydrophtalimide and 2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, urinary metabolites of the fungicide captan, in rats and humans

Capillary gas chromatographic (GC) methods using sulphur and mass selective detection for the qualitative and quantitative determination of tetrahydrophtalimide (THPI) and 2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (TTCA), urinary metabolites of the fungicide captan in rat and humans, were developed. Urinary detection limits were 2.7 μg/l for THPI and 110 μg/l for TTCA. Intraperitoneal and oral administration of captan to rats resulted in a 48-h cumulative urinary excretion of THPI of 1%–2% and 3%–9% of the dose, respectively. Cumulative urinary excretion of TTCA over 48 h ranged from 2% to 5% of the captan dose for the respective routes of administration. In urine of non-exposed human subjects, neither THPI nor TTCA could be detected. In urine of fruit-growers who were occupationally exposed to captan, both THPI and TTCA could be detected. Based on these results, THPI and TTCA are proposed as promising parameters for the biological monitoring of occupational exposure to captan.