Accroche-toi au niveau, j'enlève l'échelle: Éléments d'analyse des aspects multiniveaux dans la simulation à base d'agents

Modelling complex systems often implies to consider entities at several levels of organisation and levels of scales. Taking into account these levels, their mutual interactions, and the organizational dynamics at the interface between levels, is a difficult problem, for which the proposed solutions are often linked to a specific disciplinary field or a particular case study. In order to develop a broader methodology for designing multilevel models, we propose an analytical framework of existing approaches, drawn in particular from the study of three examples in biology and geography. We finally show, through an unifying example, how different approaches can be combined.