Importance of nanostructured surfaces

Abstract Nanomaterials have unique surface properties. The surface modification of nanomaterials through appropriate surface modification technology can improve the properties of nanomaterials to a certain extent. Nanomaterials include nano-metal materials, nano-nonmetallic materials, nano-polymer materials and nanocomposites, and different nanomaterials have different modification methods. According to the formation mechanism of surface modification layer, the surface modification methods of nanomaterials can be divided into chemical methods and physical methods. In this paper, the surface modification methods of various nanomaterials and their wide applications in drug delivery, antibacterial, bone tissue engineering, tumor imaging, diagnosis, and therapy are reviewed, which reflects the important role of surface modification of nanomaterials in the field of biomedicine.