SALUD MENTAL DE ADOLESCENTES Y JÓVENES VÍCTIMAS DE DESPLAZAMIENTO FORZADO EN COLOMBIA (Mental Health of Adolescents and Young People Victims of Forced Displacement in Colombia)

La exposicion a situaciones de vulnerabilidad y violencia, como el desplazamiento forzado, generan en la poblacion victima efectos nocivos para su salud mental. El objetivo del presente estudio es describir el estado actual de la salud mental y algunos factores sociodemograficos y del entorno asociados, de 471 adolescentes y jovenes entre 13 y 28 anos, victimas de desplazamiento forzado en tres ciudades colombianas. Se aplico la entrevista Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) , version CAPI ( Computer Assisted Personal Interview ); un cuestionario ad hoc sobre aspectos del desplazamiento forzado y el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas; la escala de funcionamiento familiar APGAR y la escala MOS ( Medical Outcomes Study ) de apoyo social. Se encontro una prevalencia de cualquier trastorno mental en el ultimo ano del 24,4% y cualquier trastorno por uso de sustancias del 4,7%. Los trastornos mas prevalentes fueron fobia especifica (6,8%), trastorno por estres postraumatico (5,7%) y trastorno depresivo mayor (5,1%). La dependencia a la marihuana se presento en 2,1% de los participantes y el abuso de alcohol en 1,9%. Un 14,6% de los adolescentes y jovenes victimas de desplazamiento forzado han pensado suicidarse alguna vez en la vida. Ser hombre, menor de edad, con buen funcionamiento familiar y apoyo social adecuado, fueron factores protectores para la presencia de trastornos mentales. Palabras claves: Adolescentes, Conflicto Armado, Desplazamiento Forzado, Salud Mental, Trastornos Mentales, Colombia. Abstract Exposure to vulnerable and violent events, such as forced displacement, generate several adverse effects on the mental health of victim population. The objective of this study is to describe the current mental health condition and some associated sociodemographic and environmental factors in 471 adolescents and young people between 13 and 28 years of age, who have been victims of forced displacement in three Colombian cities. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) interview, CAPI (Computer Assisted Personal Interview) version was administered; an ad hoc questionnaire on aspects of forced displacement and the consumption of psychoactive substances; the APGAR family function scale and the MOS (Medical Outcomes Study) scale of social support. It was found a prevalence of any mental disorder in the last years of 24.4% and any substance use disorder of 4.7%. The most prevalent disorders were specific phobia (6.8%), post-traumatic stress disorder (5.7%) and major depressive disorder (5.1%). Dependence on marijuana was found at 2.1% and alcohol abuse at 1.9%. 14.6% of adolescents and young victims of forced displacement have considered committing suicide at some point along their lives. Being a minor- age man, with a functional family and adequate social support, were protective factors from mental disorders. Keywords: Adolescents, Armed Conflict, Forced Displacement, Mental Health, Mental Disorders, Colombia.