Large-eddy simulation of bubble plume in stratified crossflow

Bubble-driven plume in stratified crossflow is modeled using Eulerian-Eulerian large-eddy simulation. Various bubble sizes and crossflow velocities are considered, and noticeable differences in the plume characteristics and material transport are observed. Statistical analysis of the simulation results provides insights on how the crossflow affects the exchanges of momentum and mass between the bubble-driven plume and the surrounding water.