Microgreens for Human Nutrition in Spaceflight

For long-duration spaceflight missions, providing adequate nutritional needs of the crew is a documented risk. This can be mitigated with dietary supplementation of nutrient-dense young vegetables including microgreens. Why microgreens? Traditional crops can take months to mature, but microgreens are ready to harvest in within two weeks, and they can be grown in small volumes. This rapid turn-around time makes them practical for any spaceflight scenario where crew time is limited, or when power, mass, and volume limitations prevent growing crops to maturity. In this literature review we will introduce microgreens that have been screened by the USDA for nutritional content, and discuss their nutritional benefits in relation to the specific needs of astronauts, as defined by the NASA Human Research Program. We will specifically highlight the benefits of iron, magnesium, potassium, and carotenoids. We also discuss potential lighting and fertilizer regimens that could be used to further improve nutrient content of microgreens grown in microgravity. Developing microgreens for spaceflight will give us access to crops that are specifically designed to meet crew nutritional needs for future exploration missions.