Diagnostic Exercise: Papulovesicular Dermatitis in Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta)

Eleven rhesus monkeys developed multifocal erythematous and a vesicular rash. Most recovered spontaneously, but a 21–year-old female became moribund and was euthanized. Findings were of vesicular dermatitis and widespread multifocal hemorrhagic necrosis of the lungs and other viscera, with intralesional intranuclear inclusions. Simian varicella virus was identified as the cause by polymerase chain reaction analysis and serologic testing.