Stability of anterior crossbite correction: a randomized controlled trial with a 2-year follow-up.

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare and evaluate the stability of correction of anterior crossbite in the mixed dentition by fixed or removable appliance therapy. Material and Methods: The subjects were 64 consecutive patients who met the following inclusion criteria: early to late mixed dentition, anterior crossbite affecting one or more incisors, no inherent skeletal Class III discrepancy, moderate space deficiency, a nonextraction treatment plan, and no previous orthodontic treatment. The study was designed as a randomized controlled trial with two parallel arms. The patients were randomized for treatment with a removable appliance with protruding springs or with a fixed appliance with multibrackets. The outcome measures were success rates for crossbite correction, overjet, overbite, and arch length. Measurements were made on study casts before treatment (T0), at the end of the retention period (T1), and 2 years after retention (T2). Results: At T1 the anterior crossbite had been corrected in all patients i...