Cutaneous Malignancies After Kidney and Simultaneous Pancreas-Kidney Transplantations

ABSTRACT Background Organ transplant recipients are at increased risk of nonmelanotic skin cancers (NMSC). Scarce data exist regarding secondary malignancies developing post–simultaneous pancreas-kidney (SPK) transplantations. Our aim was to assess long-term risk of skin cancers among kidney alone (KA) and SPK transplantation recipients. Methods In this study, 521 patients who underwent KA or SPK transplantation at our medical center were observed up by dedicated nephrologists and dermatologists. SPK transplantation recipients were matched with a control group of KA transplantation recipients based on demographic and clinical data. A multivariate analysis was performed to find independent cancer risk factors. Results Patients who developed skin cancer were generally older, had a fair skin type, and had a higher incidence of NMSC before transplantation. Older age and fair skin type were independent risk factors on multivariate analysis. SPK transplantation in itself was not an independent risk factor. Cancer recurrence was associated with older age and male sex. Darker skin type and lowered immunosuppressive burden were protective. Conclusion In contrast to previous studies, the use of antithymocytic agents or SPK transplantation were not independently associated with increased skin cancer risk in this multivariate analysis. These findings emphasize the complex interplay between posttransplantation NMSC and various clinical and epidemiologic risk parameters.