Xyloglucan compounded inulin or arabinoxylan against glycometabolism disorder via different metabolic pathways: Gut microbiota and bile acid receptor effects

Abstract This study investigated the effects of xyloglucan (XG) compounded inulin and XG compounded arabinoxylan on the hypoglycemic activity of mice fed with high-fat diet (HFD). Forty male ICR/KM mice were randomly divided into four groups, namely, control group, high-fat group, XG and 4% inulin supplemented in a HFD group (HFXI), and XG and 4% arabinoxylan supplemented in a HFD group (HFXA). Results showed that XI and XA supplementation decreased serum glucose level and intestinal disaccharidase activity. XI and XA decreased the level of total bile acid (TBA) in the serum and liver. Fecal TBA excretion was increased in the HFXI group, and XA treatment decreased colon digesta TBA excretion. XI treatment activated liver farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5). Intestinal FXR and TGR5 were activated after XA supplementation. XA increased the abundance of Verrucomicrobia, promoting Akkermansia growth, whereas XI treatment increased the abundance of gut Bifidobacterium.