An Infinite Non-Expanding Universe in Dynamic Equilibrium

Any model of the universe must accommodate two features; it must account for the redshift and it must give an answer to Olbers ’s paradox. The model of the photon that emerges from the ballistic theory of light does not permit an explanation of large red-shifts in terms of the Doppler effect, so we conclude that the universe is not expanding. Some other explanation of the redshift, and some other resolution of Olbers’s paradox, are therefore required of the ballistic theory. It is suggested that a photon may be unstable, and that over a long period of time (gigayears) it might lose mass according to an