Progress in optical frequency standards: ultracold Thulium, ions, and passive resonators

We report on different types of optical clocks and passive frequency references which are under development in our laboratories: optical lattice clock based on the inner-shell transition in the Tm atom at λ = 1.14μm, optical ion clock on single 27Al+ ion, and a family of lasers referenced to ultra-stable ULE and cryogenic silicon cavities.