System Design for Water Pumping

Publisher Summary This chapter describes methods for determining the required capacity and pressure for water pumping stations, presents recommendations on selecting and sizing the pumps, discusses control methods for operating pumps and provides representative examples of pumping station design. Water pumping stations are usually designed to supply water to an area in which the required demand is reasonably well defined or could be projected to a reasonable degree. In a water distribution system, the demand is a combination of customer needs and fire flow requirements. Average annual per capita water consumption, peak hour, and maximum daily demands vary widely depending on factors such as climate, income levels, population, and the proportions of residential, commercial, and industrial users. Depending on the source and ultimate use of the water, raw water pumping facilities are generally a combination of only three basic components that include the raw water intake structure, the pumping facilities, and the screening facilities, which might or might not be required. Most raw water pumping facilities are shore installations. The intake might be placed below the lowest water level on record or the lowest level of reservoir drawdown determined by storage requirements. Heat, cold, wind, dust, precipitation, and moisture are natural elements that must be considered in the design of any waterworks facility. Weatherproof enclosures for electrical equipment and devices and well-maintained paint, coatings, and linings for pumping units, piping, valves, and appurtenances might be adequate in moderate climatic conditions.