Myelodysplastic syndromes: advantages of a combined cytogenetic and molecular diagnostic workup
2017
// Elena Ciabatti 1,3 , Angelo Valetto 2 , Veronica Bertini 2 , Maria Immacolata Ferreri 2 , Alice Guazzelli 2 , Susanna Grassi 1,3 , Francesca Guerrini 1 , Iacopo Petrini 4 , Maria Rita Metelli 1 , Maria Adelaide Caligo 2 , Simona Rossi 2 and Sara Galimberti 1 1 Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Hematology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy 2 Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, S. Chiara Hospital, Pisa, Italy 3 GenOMec, University of Siena, Siena, Italy 4 Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy Correspondence to: Elena Ciabatti, email: // Keywords : myelodysplastic syndromes, aCGH, cytogenetics, TP53, SF3B1 Received : August 23, 2016 Accepted : March 14, 2017 Published : March 25, 2017 Abstract In this study we present a new diagnostic workup for the myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) including FISH, aCGH, and somatic mutation assays in addition to the conventional cytogenetics (CC). We analyzed 61 patients by CC, FISH for chromosome 5, 7, 8 and PDGFR rearrangements, aCGH, and PCR for ASXL1, EZH2, TP53, TET2, RUNX1, DNMT3A, SF3B1 somatic mutations. Moreover, we quantified WT1 and RPS14 gene expression levels, in order to find their possible adjunctive value and their possible clinical impact. CC analysis showed 32% of patients with at least one aberration. FISH analysis detected chromosomal aberrations in 24% of patients and recovered 5 cases (13.5%) at normal karyotype (two 5q- syndromes, one del(7) case, two cases with PDGFR rearrangement). The aGCH detected 10 “new” unbalanced cases in respect of the CC, including one with alteration of the ETV6 gene. After mutational analysis, 33 patients (54%) presented at least one mutation and represented the only marker of clonality in 36% of all patients. The statistical analysis confirmed the prognostic role of CC either on overall or on progression-free-survival. In addition, deletions detected by aCGH and WT1 over-expression negatively conditioned survival. In conclusion, our work showed that 1) the addition of FISH (at least for chr. 5 and 7) can improve the definition of the risk score; 2) mutational analysis, especially for the TP53 and SF3B1, could better define the type of MDS and represent a “clinical warning”; 3) the aCGH use could be probably applied to selected cases (with suboptimal response or failure).
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