Elevated expression of serine protease HtrA1 in preeclampsia and its role in trophoblast cell migration and invasion

Objective Aberrant expression of developmentally regulated genes during placental development could affect fetal growth and contribute to preeclampsia. Expression of serine protease HtrA1 is developmentally regulated with the highest expression in decidua capsularis, compared with ectoplacental cone, and with the highest expression during later stages of pregnancy, compared with early stages. This study was designed to determine the expression of HtrA1 in placental tissues from control and preeclamptic pregnancies and to determine the effect of HtrA1 expression in trophoblast cell migration and invasion. Study Design HtrA1 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in placentas from gestational age–matched preeclamptic and control pregnancies. HtrA1 expression in extravillous trophoblast cells, HTR-8/SVneo, was assessed by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence microscopy. Finally, the effect of ectopic expression of HtrA1 on cell migration and invasion was determined in HTR-8/SVneo cells. Results Higher expression of HtrA1 was detected in placental tissues collected from patients with early-onset preeclampsia, compared with those from gestational age–matched control samples. Moreover, ectopic expression of HtrA1 significantly attenuates HTR-8/SVneo cell migration and invasion. Conclusion Higher expression of HtrA1 is associated with early-onset preeclampsia and may affect trophoblast cell migration and invasion.