Review of Use of Nanomaterials for Wastewater Treatment

Drinking water has become a competitive resource in many areas of the globe due to fast growing population, diminishing water supplies, and climate change resulting in protracted droughts and floods. The water business requires the development of cost-effective and reliable materials and techniques for delivering sufficient quantities of fresh water. Due to rising water demand, strict health standards, and new pollutants, traditional water/wastewater treatment methods remain inadequate in delivering sufficient clean water. Water/wastewater treatment is becoming more cheap because to nanotechnology-based multipurpose and highly efficient procedures that do not depend on huge infrastructures or centralized systems. The purpose of this research is to look at how nanoparticles/fibers may be used to remove contaminants from water and waste water. The paper will give a brief overview of the various nanomaterials (particles or fibers) that are available and used to remove viruses, inorganic solutes, heavy metals, metal ions, complex organic compounds, natural organic matter, nitrate, and other pollutants from surface water, ground water, and/or industrial water. Finally, based on existing nanotechnology uses in the water sector, suggestions are given for a stand-alone water filtration device capable of eliminating all kinds of pollutants from wastewater.