High gene dosage changes transcriptional regulation of genetic structures and contributes to diversity and heterogeneity

Differences in gene dosages between and within species are widely observed. Nevertheless, our understanding of the impacts of gene dosages on transcriptional regulation is far from complete and it is largely ignored in many genetic studies. In this article, we showed that dynamic properties of three genetic structures became significantly different when gene dosages were high and, for self-inhibiting genes, high gene dosages could facilitate monoallelic expression at single cell level and heterogeneity of cell population. This shed lights on potential links between levels of ploidy and phenotypes. In addition, in the context of modern molecular biology, especially synthetic biology, gene dosage needs to be taken into consideration when designing or modifying genetic circuits.