Suicidality among Patients with Asthma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Abstract Background Asthma is associated with multiple psychiatric comorbidities. However, the relationship between asthma and suicidality has not be well established. Methods According to the PRISMA guidelines, protocol of the study was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42019123150). A systematic search of the PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO databases was performed for relevant studies published from its inception to January 25, 2019. Studies that reported the risk of suicidal ideation, attempts and mortality in asthmatics compared with non-asthmatics were included. A random-effects model was used to synthesize the estimates and the quality of the included studies was assessed under the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results Twenty-eight studies including 2,759,841 asthmatic patients and 16,290,362 non-asthmatic controls were pooled and analyzed in the current study. The pooled data showed that asthmatic patients had increased risk of exhibiting suicidal ideation (OR, 1.52; 95%CI, 1.37–1.70), suicide attempts (OR, 1.60; 95%CI, 1.33–1.92) and suicide mortality (OR, 1.31; 95%CI, 1.11–1.55) compared to non-asthmatic controls. Noticeably, adolescent asthmatic patients had a more than 2-fold risk of suicide mortality compared to non-asthmatic controls (OR, 2.14; 95%CI, 1.61–2.83). Limitations The limitations of the present study were variability in study designs and various measures of asthma and suicidality, which possibly contribute to notable heterogeneity. Conclusions Patients with asthma have a significantly increased risk of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts and suicide mortality. Clinical physicians should pay more attention to the increased risk of suicidality in asthmatics, screen for these suicidal thoughts and behaviors, and make appropriate mental health referrals when necessary.