Processing of Global Solar Irradiance and Ground-Based Infrared Sky Images for Very Short-Term Solar Forecasting

The generation of energy in a power grid which uses Photovoltaic (PV) systems depends on the projection of shadows from moving clouds in the troposphere. ThisManel investigation proposes an efficient method of data processing for the statistical quantification of cloud features using long-wave Infrared (IR) images and Global Solar Irradiance (GSI) measurements. The infrared images are obtained using a Data Acquisition System (DAQ) mounted on a solar tracker. We explain how to remove cyclostationary biases in global solar irradiance measurements. Seasonal trends are removed from the global solar irradiance time series, using the theoretical global solar irradiance to obtain the Clear Sky Index (CSI) time series. We introduce an atmospheric model to remove from infrared images both the effect of atmosphere scatter irradiance and the effect of the Sun's direct irradiance. Scattering is produced by water spots and dust particles on the germanium lens of the enclosure. We explain how to remove the scattering effect produced by the germanium lens attached to the data acquisition system enclosure window of the infrared camera. An atmospheric condition model classifies the sky-conditions in four different categories: clear-sky, cumulus, stratus and nimbus. When an infrared image is classified in the category of clear-sky, it is used to model the scattering effect of the germanium lens.