Warmed, humidified carbon dioxide insufflation versus standard carbon dioxide in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a double-blinded randomized controlled trial

Background During laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LCHE), the insufflation with warmed and humidified carbon dioxide (CO2) may reduce postoperative pain. The aim of the study was to evaluate the positive effects of heated and humidified carbon dioxide gas on patients with regard to postoperative pain after LCHE.