Proximate composition, dietary fibre, beta-glucan content, and inhibition of key enzymes linked to diabetes and obesity in cultivated and wild mushrooms

Abstract This study aimed to determine the proximate composition, dietary fibre content, beta-glucan content, and inhibitory activities of starch- and lipid-digesting enzymes for cultivated local and wild mushrooms in Thailand. The protein, fat, and carbohydrate content of the mushrooms ranged from 13.1 ‒ 32.8, 0.410 ‒ 6.38 and 2.79 ‒ 44.3% dry weight (DW). The total dietary fibre, soluble fibre and beta-glucan content of Astraeus odoratus were highest among the wild mushrooms with 77.1, 72.3, and 24.9 g/100 g DW, whilst Schizophyllum commune had the highest value among the cultivated mushrooms with 68.2, 66.6 and 43.0 g/100 g DW, respectively. Among the cultivated mushrooms, the hexane extract of Schizophyllum commune showed the highest anti-alpha-amylase activity (IC50 = 15.3 mg/mL). Lentinus edodes showed the highest anti-alpha-glucosidase activity (IC50 = 12.9 mg/mL) in hexane extract and the highest anti-lipase activity (IC50 = 8.85 mg/mL) in 80% ethanol (v/v) extract. Among the wild mushrooms, the hexane extract of Phaeogyroporus portentosus showed the highest anti-alpha-amylase (IC50 = 15.7 mg/mL) and anti-lipase activity (IC50 = 33.6 mg/mL), while the 80% ethanol (v/v) extract of Craterellus aureus showed the highest anti-alpha-glucosidase activity (IC50 = 25.9 mg/mL). The present study results help recommend mushrooms rich in protein, dietary fibre, beta-glucan, and inhibitory enzyme activities associated with diabetes and obesity.