Opioids can modulate the immune system

Abstract Opioids can modulate and suppress the immune system through central mediated mechanisms. Morphine increases replication and spread of HIV-1. Evidence suggests that morphine can also enhance growth and spread of some cancer diagnoses like breast-, prostate- and non-small cell lung cancer. The mechanisms behind the effects of morphine are mainly mediated by inhibiting apoptosis of cancer cells and by stimulation of angiogenesis. Some other opioid agonists seem to be depleted from these effects. Prospective studies are needed to clarify the immunosuppressive effects of opioids in cancer pain management.