Urban Change Monitoring with the Help of Remote Sensing and GIS of Ranchi City, Jharkhand

Fast urbanisation is a pattern seen over the developing world. Quite a bit of this is because of provincial to urban movement of individuals looking for employments, education and the higher expectation for everyday life. This is the essential cause for urban sprawl in Ranchi city and its encompassing zone. Over the most recent 25 years, real change is found in land use, an increment in population, natural forest cover, ecological degradation and impact on the atmosphere and so on. With the number of inhabitants in Ranchi city anticipated that would become much further, there is a need to evaluate the degree of urban sprawl and future manageable urban planning. The assessment in this study included land use and land cover change analysis, land surface temperature change analysis and vegetation change analysis (from normalized difference vegetation index [NDVI]) between two different years. The satellite image of two unique years (1992 and 2017) was classified into seven classes specifically water bodies, built-up land, agriculture, vegetation, agricultural fallow land, barren land and scrub land. The classified image of two distinct years was utilized to discover the change in urban sprawl in the last 25 years. The final outcome found that urban sprawl expanded 78.07 km2 about 26.25% from 1992 to 2017. In addition, the temperature of the city has been expanded to 5°C found in settlement area in between 25 years from the highest temperature being 35°C of 1992 to 40°C of 2017. The NDVI guide of two distinct years (1992 and 2017) shows that the vegetation cover is decreased 35.06 km2 around 11.58% because of urbanisation.