Naringenin and naringin in cardiovascular disease prevention: A preclinical review

Abstract Cardiovascular disease is an important cause for morbidity and mortality worldwide. Flavonoids, such as naringin, and naringenin are important natural phytochemicals in the treatment or prevention of various disorders such as obesity, cardiac diseases, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Naringin and naringenin have significant therapeutic potential in several diseases through anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic actions; these flavonoids play a protective role in human pathophysiology. In this review, based on the latest evidence, we present a summary of the impact of naringin, and naringenin on cardiovascular disease, and analyze and discuss the basic roles of naringin and naringenin and their mechanisms of actions in cardiovascular disease and other vascular dysfunction. The data collected in this review may serve as a comprehensive reference for the effects of naringin, and naringenin in cardiovascular disease, which may be beneficial for further research and for the design of naringin and naringenin analogs as new therapeutic options for cardiovascular diseases.