The Spillover Effect of Parenting on Marital Satisfaction

Marital satisfaction is crucial to mothers' well- being, as well as parent-child relationship and family func- tioning. Existing literature has shown the impact of marital relationship on parenting. Yet, there are few studies to examine the impact of parenting on marital satisfaction. Family systems theory postulates that there is a reciprocal association between functioning in the parental and spousal subsystems. This study thus aims to examine the associations of various parenting correlates, including parenting self-effi- cacy, parenting stress, co-parenting alliance, satisfaction with father involvement, and marital satisfaction of mothers. A cross-sectional survey was conducted and a sample of 1,140 mothers was recruited in this study using convenience sam- pling from 20 nurseries. After controlling for mothers' age, education level, and household income, hierarchical regres- sion analyses showed that greater co-parenting alliance, higher satisfaction with father involvement, and lower par- enting stress were associated with higher maternal marital satisfaction. Findings support the ''spillover'' hypothesis in the family systems theory, indicating that positive factors in the parental subsystem are significantly associated with higher marital satisfaction in the spousal subsystem. Measures that cultivate father involvement, alleviate mothers' parenting stress, and improve co-parenting alliance may be adopted to increase mothers' marital satisfaction and maintain marital