Drum-handling practices at hazardous-waste sites. Final report, November 1981-February 1983

The purpose of the research effort was to provide technical guidance on planning and implementing safe and cost-effective response actions applicable to hazardous-waste sites containing drums. The manual provides detailed technical guidance on methods, procedures, and equipment suitable for removing drummed wastes. Information is included on locating buried drum; excavation and onsite transfer; drum staging, opening, and sampling; waste consolidation; and temporary storage and shipping. Each of these operations is discussed in terms of the equipment and procedures used in carrying out specific activities; health and safety procedures; measures for protecting the environment and public welfare; and factors affecting costs. Information is also included on the applications and limitations of the following remedial measures for controlling or containing migration of wastes: surface capping, surface water controls, groundwater pumping, subsurface drains, slurry walls, and in-situ treatment techniques.