Inoculación al estrés y atención plena para la reducción del estrés en músicos universitarios. Estudio comparativo.
2017
A diferencia de otras carreras universitarias, el estudiante de musica debe aprender a manejar estres escenico como parte de su formacion profesional. En este estudio se compararon dos tecnicas distintas para manejar el estres: el Entrenamiento en Inoculacion al Estres, una estrategia terapeutica confiable que cuenta ya con varias decadas de practica, y la practica de la Atencion Plena, una estrategia un tanto mas reciente y menos practicada en el ambiente estudiantil relacionada con la meditacion y la religion budista. Se impartieron dos talleres, cada uno compuesto de cinco sesiones realizadas durante cinco semanas, cada grupo iniciado con tres personas y finalizado con una. Como instrumentos se utilizo la Escala de Estres Percibido en su version de Gonzalez y Landero (2008), y la Escala de Atencion Plena de Brown y Ryan (2012). Y para medir el tamano del efecto se utilizaron los cortes de la Escala de Estres Percibido, asi como el metodo ERES (Empirical Rule of Effect Size). Se lograron mejorias notorias en ambos grupos, donde el Entrenamiento en Inoculacion al Estres obtuvo un puntaje mas alto en cuanto a tamano del efecto. Se sugiere la realizacion de mas estudios de este tipo, con un numero mayor de participantes para obtener mayor informacion que pueda servir a cuantificar la eficacia de ambas estrategias.
ABSTRACT
Compared to other university careers, the music student needs to handle scenic stress as part of their professional formation. In this study two different strategies to treat stress were compared: the Stress Inoculation Training, a reliable therapeutic strategy that has been under study for decades, and Mindfulness practice, a strategy more recent and less studied in the academic sector, related to meditation and buddhist religion. Two workshops were given, each composed of five sessions delivered during five weeks, each group started with three participants and finished with one. For measure instruments the Scale of Perceived Stress, in the Gonzalez & Landero Version (2008) and the Mindfulness and Attention Awareness Scale by Brown & Ryan (2012) were used both at the beginning and end of the workshops; and for effect size measuring the ranges and cut-off scores of the Gonzalez & Landero Scale, and the Empirical Rule of Effect Size was used as well. Both groups experienced improvements in the administrated scales, the Stress Inoculation Training obtained higher scores regarding Effect Size. It is suggested the realization of more studies of this kind with a higher number of participants, to obtain more data that can help to quantify both strategies' efficiency.
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