Percutaneous Nephrostomy: A Practical Approach

Abbreviations: INR international normalized ratio, PCN percutaneous nephrostomy SINCE its first description in 1955 (1), percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) has developed into a technique that is now routinely used for a wide range of clinical applications. Although PCN has now come to be perceived as a routine procedure, many issues relating to patient selection, preparation, follow-up, and technique, are crucial to maximizing success and minimizing risk. The author hopes to offer some practical suggestions that may be helpful in the performance of PCN. PCN in transplanted kidneys and in pediatrics will not be discussed, and details of subsequent procedures, such as ureteral stent placement and nephrolithotomy, will not be elaborated.