New insights into apical-basal polarization in epithelia

The establishment of an apical–basal axis of polarity is essential for the organization and functioning of epithelial cells. Polarization of epithelial cells is orchestrated by a network of conserved polarity regulators that establish opposing cortical domains through mutually antagonistic interactions and positive feedback loops. While our understanding is still far from complete, the molecular details behind these interactions continue to be worked out. Here, we highlight recent findings on the mechanisms that control the activity and localization of apical–basal polarity regulators, including oligomerization and higher-order complex formation, auto-inhibitory interactions, and electrostatic interactions with the plasma membrane.