Frontiers of microstructural imaging with diffusion MRI

Abstract Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is reviewed from basic concepts to advanced techniques and applications. There is a strong emphasis on the conceptual underpinnings of diffusion MRI, its close connection to tissue microstructure, and its applications to brain. Topics covered include diffusion tensor imaging, diffusional kurtosis imaging, q-space imaging, and white matter fiber tractography. The distinction between pure diffusion methods and tissue modeling methods is illustrated with specific examples. Recently proposed diffusion MRI approaches under active development are discussed.