Utilizing Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystals in Different Arrangement to Investigate the Correlation Between the Air Duty Cycle and the Light Extraction Enhancement of InGaN-Based Light-Emitting Diodes

This paper demonstrates that the optimal light extraction enhancement of the 2-D photonic crystals (PhCs) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) among different air duty cycles (ADCs) is independent of the geometry and the shape of the 2-D PhCs. Moreover, it also discusses that the side-directional emission property of the 2-D PhCs LEDs in hexagonal lattice arrangement (HLA) is better than that in square lattice arrangement (SLA). Finally, the light output power of the 2-D PhCs LEDs in SLA and in HLA with the ADC of 51% are significantly improved by 60.4% and 81.9%, respectively, as compared with the reference LED at an injection current of 350 mA.