Investigation of the risk factors associated with the failure of hepatitis B vaccination of neonates in Yunnan province, China

Abstract Objective This study aimed to investigate HBsAg positive rates and risk factors of HBV infection among the children less than 15 years old in Yunnan province, a remote southwest part of mainland China. Methods Multi-stage sampling was used to randomly select study subjects from 9,360,000 individuals. Hepatitis B vaccine inoculation rate and HBsAg positive rate were investigated, and then propensity score and generalized linear mixed model (GLMMs) were applied to the case-control study. Results The average HBsAg positive rate was 1.81%, with 1.2% in urban areas and 2.4% in rural areas. Rate of first-dose-in-time in urban areas was 77.7%, obviously higher than 49.5% in rural areas ( χ 2  = 2811.71, P  χ 2  = 1561.43, P  Conclusion It was very important to improve the HBV vaccine inoculation rates. Delivering babies in hospital and timely inoculation with HBV vaccine were efficient ways to prevent HBV vertical transmission.