Lipid transfer from plants to arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi
2017
Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) symbioses contribute to global carbon cycles as plant
hosts divert up to 20% of photosynthate to the obligate biotrophic fungi. Previous
studies suggested carbohydrates as the only form of carbon transferred to the fungi.
However, de novo fatty acid (FA) synthesis has not been observed in AM fungi in
absence of the plant. In a forward genetic approach, we identified two Lotus japonicus
mutants defective in AM-specific paralogs of lipid biosynthesis genes (KASI and
GPAT6). These mutants perturb fungal development and accumulation of emblematic
fungal 16:1ω5 FAs. Using isotopolog profiling we demonstrate that 13C patterns of
fungal FAs recapitulate those of wild-type hosts, indicating cross-kingdom lipid transfer
from plants to fungi. This transfer of labelled FAs was not observed for the AM-specific
lipid biosynthesis mutants. Thus, growth and development of beneficial AM fungi is
not only fueled by sugars but depends on lipid transfer from plant hosts.
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