The Electromagnetic Field Ground State and the Cosmological Evolution

The vector potential quantization procedure extended to a single free of cavity photon state issues to the zero-energy electromagnetic field ground state (EFGS), a quantum vacuum component, overcoming the vacuum energy singularity in quantum electrodynamics. We show that the EFGS oscillations generate photons and that the elementary electron/positron charge is expressed precisely by the EFGS quantized amplitude. We also show that the gravitational constant is equally expressed through the same EFGS quantized amplitude putting in evidence the electromagnetic nature of gravity and introducing the quantum vacuum influence in the cosmological equations. Fluctuations of the EFGS give birth to low energy transient photons as well as to particles/antiparticles which might be respectively at the origin of the dark energy and dark matter in the universe.