Gramíneas y leguminosas promisorias para la alimentación del ganado en la Amazonía sur del Ecuador

espanolSe realizo la recoleccion de 29 gramineas y 11 leguminosas en la Amazonia ecuatoriana, y se establecio un banco de germoplasma en la Estacion Cientifica El Padmi de la Universidad Nacional de Loja, con las especies recolectadas se estructuraron 80 parcelas donde se realizaron dos repeticiones, obteniendose los mejores resultados en base a las siguientes variables; Porcentaje de prendimiento: Pennisetum violaceum (92.5 %), Brachiaria arrecta (90.8 %), Indigofera suffruticosa (80.0 %) y Crotalaria sp (76.6 %). Altura de la planta a los 60 dias. Echynochloa polystachya (67 cm), Panicum maximun (52.5 cm), Moringa oleifera (71.5 cm) y Leucaena leucocephala (65.5 cm); a los 90 dias, Saccharum officinarum (219.5 cm), Echynochloa polystachya (189 cm), Leucaena leucocephala (141 cm) y Moringa oleifera (111.5 cm). Grosor del tallo a los 30 dias. Saccharum officinarum (14.2 cm), Tripsacum laxum (10.6 cm), Erythrina edulis (9.9 cm) y Erythrina peruviana (9.2 cm). Macollo de la planta. Brachiaria decumbens (17 brotes), Brachiaria hibrida (15 brotes) y Arachis pintoi (5 brotes). Largo y ancho de la hoja a los 50 dias: Saccharum officinarum (108.5 cm de largo por 3.9 cm de ancho), Tripsacum laxum (103.0 cm de largo por 3.8 cm de ancho), Erythrina edulis (5.0 cm de largo por 3.0 cm de ancho); y Erythrina peruviana (4.8 cm de largo por 2.8 cm de ancho). Rendimiento de biomasa: Saccharum officinarum (116.0 ton/ha), Pennisetum violaceum (101.7 ton/ha), Arachis pintoi (12.0 ton/ha) y Gliricidia sepium (12.1 ton/ha). Valor nutricional: Pennisetum violaceum con 15.8 % de proteina y 51.2 % de fibra. EnglishA total of 29 grasses and 11 legumes were collected in the Ecuadorian Amazon, and a germplasm bank was established at the El Padmi Scientific Station from National University of Loja. The collected species were structured in 80 plots where two replications were performed. The results based on the assessment of several variables; such as percentage of surviral: Pennisetum violaceum (92.5%), Brachiaria arrecta (90.8%), Indigofera suffruticosa (80.0%) and Crotalaria sp (76.6%). Plants height at 60 days: Echynochloa polystachya (67 cm), Panicum maximum (52.5 cm), Moringa oleifera (71.5 cm) and Leucaena leucocephala (65.5 cm); andat 90 days: Saccharum officinarum (219.5 cm), Echynochloa polystachya (189 cm), Leucaena leucocephala (141 cm) and Moringa oleifera (111.5 cm). Thickness of the stem at 30 days: Saccharum officinarum (14.2 cm), Tripsacum laxum (10.6 cm), Erythrina edulis (9.9 cm) and Erythrina peruviana (9.2 cm). Plant tiller: Brachiaria decumbens (17 shoots), Brachiaria hybrid (15 shoots) and Arachis pintoi (5 shoots). Length and width of the leaf at 50 days: Saccharum officinarum (108.5 cm long by 3.9 cm wide), Tripsacum laxum (103.0 cm long by 3.8 cm wide), Erythrina edulis (5.0 cm long by 3.0 cm wide) and Erythrina peruviana (4.8 cm long by 2.8 cm wide). Biomass yield: Saccharum officinarum (116.0 t ha-1), Pennisetum violaceum (101.7 t ha-1), Arachis pintoi (12.0 t ha-1) and Gliricidia sepium (12.1 t ha-1). Finally nutrition value was evaluated having Pennisetum violaceum 15.8% protein and 51.2% fibre.