Results of conservation agriculture and agroforestry in the research platforms Santa Maria Teopoxco and Tamazulapam del Espiritu Santo, Oaxaca, Mexico, 2015-2019

Maize (Zea mays L.), the staple crop of Mexico, is often produced by smallholder farmers on sloping terrains. Historically, little agronomic research has been performed under the conditions of these farmers to support them in the sustainable intensification of their production systems. We set up trials at two locations in the state of Oaxaca to evaluate conservation agriculture and agroforestry in collaboration with local farmers. This dataset includes the data taken between 2015 and 2019 in the Santa Maria Teopoxco research platform and between 2014 and 2019 in the Tamazulapam del Espiritu Santo research platform, both located in the Mexican state of Oaxaca in the Pacifico Sur innovation hub. In both platforms the local conventional system was compared with 4 improved treatments. Improved treatments included zero tillage, residue management, liming, crop rotation and fertilization in different combinations. In both platforms these treatments were evaluated within a MIAF (Milpa Intercalada con Arboles Frutales) agroforestry arrangement. The MIAF system was implemented at both sites by planting rows of trees along the contour lines with a distance between rows of 10.6 m and between trees of 1 m in Tamazulapam (900 trees ha-1) and 2 m in Teopoxco (450 trees ha-1). Maize was sown on 60% of the area and 40% was under fruit trees. The database contains agronomic data (fertilization, density, tillage, residue management, plant spacing), yield data (grain yield of maize, squash and bean, fresh yield of peas, avocado and peach), plant development data (sowing, emergence, flowering, maturity and harvest, plant height, lodging) and economic data (production costs, gross margin and net profit).