Effects of tillage and fertilizers on the agrophysical properties of gray forest soil

The efficiency of boardless and surface tillage is, for the most part, dependent on the soil-climatic conditions and biological properties of crops. The conservation methods of soil tillage should alternate with moldboard plowing. The tillage of soils by boardless and disc plows is possible for 2-3 years on well-cultivated gray forest soils. The tillage should be combined with the application of higher doses of organic and mineral fertilizers and effective herbicides. Elements of zero-tillage may be introduced only for high-input farming on well cultivated soils.